Gender, urbanization and poverty: the challenge of “households”
PDF (Español (España))
HTML (Español (España))

How to Cite

CHANT, S. (1997). Gender, urbanization and poverty: the challenge of “households”. Economía Sociedad Y Territorio. https://doi.org/10.22136/est001997476

Abstract

The article stresses the importance of including into the interventions that seek to reach sustainable development gender dimensions, urbanization and poverty, and the need to approach them from the perspective of domestic units or households, especially of those headed by women.

When reflecting on the concept of household and approaching the gender selectivity of rural-urban migration, a phenomenon that has decisively influenced the urbanization of the third world, it calls to attention the strategies of the households in the countryside and the city that affect the composition of the domestic units and the urgency to consider the increasing proportion of households headed by a woman in the cities as objective of sustainable development policies, since the household is one of the central institutions that help model relationships between men and women, their access to resources and their participation in change for development.

https://doi.org/10.22136/est001997476
PDF (Español (España))
HTML (Español (España))

References

Afshar, Haleh y Carolyne Dennis (1992); "Women, Recession and Adjustment in the Third World: Some Introductory Remarks", en Halh Afshar y Carolyne Demis (eds.), Women and Adjustment Policies in the Third World, Basingstoke, Macmillan.

Amis, Philip (1995), "Making Sense of Urban Poverty", Environment and Urbanization, vol. 7, núm. 1, pp. 145-147.

Asthana, Sheena (1994), "Economic Crisis and the Impact on Health", en David Phillips y Yola Verhasselt (eds.), Health and Development, Londres, Routledge.

Baden, Sally (1993), The Impact of Recession and Adjustment on Women's Work in Developing Countries, Sussex, IDS, Bridge Report núm. 15.

Badshah, Akhtar (1996), Our Urban Future: New Paradigms for Equity and Sustainability, Londres, Zed.

Barret, Michkle (1986), Women's Oppression Today: Problems in Marxist Feminist Analysis, Londres, Verso.

Baylies, Carolyn (1996), "Diversity in Patterns of Parenting and Household Formation", en Elizabeth Bortolaia Silva (ed.), Good Enough Mothering? Feminist Perspectives on Lone Motherhood, Londres, Routledge.

Beall, Jo (1996a), Urban Governance: Why Gender Matters, Nueva York, UNDP, Gender in Development Monograph Series, núm. 1.

−−− (1996b), "Social Security and Social Networks Among the Urban Poor in Pakistan", Habitat International, vol. 19, núm. 4, pp. 427-445.

−−− (1996c), "Households, Livelihood and the Urban Environment: Social Development Perspectives on Solid Waste Disposal in Faisalabad City, Pakistan", Londres, Departamento de Geografía/London School of Economics, tesis de doctorado (en elaboración).

Bradshaw, Sarah (1996), "Female-headed Households in Honduras: A Study of Their Formation and Survival in Low-income Communities", Londres, Departamento de Geografía/ London School of Economics, tesis de doctorado.

Bruce Judith y Daisy Dwyer (1988), "Introduction", en Daisy Dwyer y Judith Bruce (eds.), A Home Divided: Women and Income in the Third World, Stanford, Stanford University Press.

Brydon, Lynne y Sylvia Chant (1989), Women in the Third World: Gender Issues in Rural and Urban Areas, Aldershot, Edward Elgar.

Chambers, Robert (1995), "Poverty and Livelihoods: Whose Reality Counts?", Environment and Urbanization, vol. 7, núm. 1, pp. 173-204.

Chant, Sylvia (1991), "Gender, Households and Seasonal Migration in Guanacaste, Costa Rica", European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, núm. 50, pp. 51-85.

−−− (1992), "Conclusion: Towards a Framework for the Analysis of Gender-selective Migration", en Sylvia Chant (ed.), Gender and Migration in Developing Countries, Londres, Belhaven.

−−− (1996a), Gender, Urban Development and Housing, Nueva York, UNDP, Publications Series for Habitat 11, vol. 2.

−−− (1996b), Women-headed Households: Diversity and Dynamics in the Developing World, Basingstoke, Macmillan.

−−−y Cathy McIlwaine (1999, Women of a Lesser Cost: Female Labour, Foreign Exchange and Philippine Development, Londres, Pluto.

−−−y Sarah Radcliffe (1992), "Migration and Development: The Importance of Gender", en Sylvia Chant (ed.), Gender and Migration in Developing Countries, Londres, Belhaven.

−−−y Peter Ward (1987), "Family Structure and Low-Income Housing Policy", Third World Planning Review, vol. 9, núm. 4, pp. 5-19.

Chen, Marty (1989), "A Sectoral Approach to Promoting Women's Work: Lessons from India", World Development, vol. 17, núm. 7, pp. 1007-1016.

Cleves Mosse, Julia (1993), Half the World, Half a Chance Oxford, Oxfam.

Demery, Lionel, Marco Ferroni, Christiaan Grootaert y Jorge Wong-Valle (1993), Understanding the Social Effects of Policy Reform, Washington, D. C., Banco Mundial.

Drèze, Jean (1990), Widows in Rural India, Londres, Suntory International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines/London School of Economics, Development Economics Research Programme, núm. 26.

Duncan, Simon y Rosalid Edwards (1996), "Lone Mothers and Paid Work: Neighbourhoods, Local Neighbourhoods and Welfare State Regimes", Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, vol. 3, núm. 4.

Folbre, Nancy (1991), "Women on their Own: Global Patterns of Female Headship", en Rita S. Gallin y Ann Ferguson (eds.), The Women and International Development Annual, vol. 2, Boulder, Westview.

−−− (1994), Who Pays for the Kids? Gender and the Structures of Constraint, Londres, Routledge.

Fonseca, Claudia (1991), "Spouses, Siblings and Sex-linked Bonding: A Look at Kinship Organization in a Brazilian Slum", en Elizabeth Jelin (ed.), Family, Household and Gender Relations in Latin America, Londres, Kegan Paul International, y París, UNESCO.

Gardner, Katy (1995), Global Migrants, Local Lives: Travel and Transformation in Rural Bangladesh, Oxford, Clarendon Press.

Grosh, Margaret (1994), Administering Targeted Social Programs in Latin America: From Platitudes to Practice, Washington D. C., Banco Mundial.

Harris, Olivia (1981), "Households as Natural Units", en Kate Young, Carol Wolkowitz y Roslyn McCullagh (eds.), Of Marriage and the Market, Londres, CSE Books.

Illo, Jeanne (1992), "Who Heads the Household? Women in Households in the Philippines", en K. Saradamoni (ed.), Finding the Household Methodological and Empirical Issues, Nueva Delhi, Sage.

INSTRAW (1992), "Women and the Household", en K. Saradamoni (ed.), Finding the Household: Methodological and Empirical Issues, Nueva Delhi, Sage.

Kabeer, Naila (1991), "Gender Dimensions of Rural Poverty: Analysis from Bangladesh", Journal of Peasant Studies, vol. 18, núm. 2, pp. 241-262.

−−− (1994a), Reversed Realities: Gender Hierarchies in Development Thought, Londres, Verso.

−−− (1994b), Gender Planning in Development Agencies: Meeting the Challenge, Oxford, Oxfam.

Kennedy, Eileen (1994), "Development Policy, Gender of Head of Household, and Nutrition", en Eileen Kennedy y Mercedes González de la Rocha, Poverty and Well-Being in the Household: Case Studies of the Developing World, San Diego, Center for Iberian and Latin American Studies/Universidad de California en San Diego.

Koopman, Jeanne (1991), "Neoclassical Household Models and Modes of Household Production: Problems in the Analysis of African Agricultural Households", Review of Radical Political Economy, vol. 23, núms. 3-4, pp. 148-73.

Kuznesof, Elizabeth (1989), "The History of the Family in Latin America: A Critique of Recent Work", Latin American Research Review, vol. 24, núm. 2, pp. 168-186.

Lewis, David (1993), "Going it Alone: Female-Headed Households, Rights and Resources in Rural Bangladesh", European Journal of Development Research, vol. 5, núm. 2, pp. 23-42.

Masini, Eleanora Barbieri (1991), "The Household, Gender and Age Project", en Eleanora Massini y Susan Suatigos (eds.), Women, Households and Change, Tokio, United Nations University Press.

Mather, Celia (1988), "Subordination of Women and Lack of Industrial Strife in West Java", en John Taylor y Andrew Turton (eds.), Sociology of "Developing Societies": Southeast Asia, Basingstoke, Macmillan.

McIlwaine, Cathy (1993), "Gender, Ethnicity and the Local Labour Market in Limón, Costa Rica", Londres, Departamento de Geografía/London School of Economics, tesis de doctorado.

−−− (1997) "Vulnerable or poor? A study of ethnic and gender disadvantage among Afro-Caribbeans in Limón, Costa Rica", European Journd of Development Research, vol. 9, núm. 2, pp. 35-61.

McIntosh, Mary (1996), "Social Anxieties about Lone Motherhood and Ideologies of the Family: Two Sides of the Same Coin", en Elizabeth Bortolaia Silva (ed.), Good Enough Mothering? Feminist Perspectives on Lone Motherhood, Londres, Routledge.

Miraftab, Faranak (1993), "Shelter as Sustenance: Exclusionary Mechanisms Limiting Women's Access to Housing", en Hemalata Dandekar (ed.), Shelter, Women and Development: First and Third World Perspectives, Ann Arbor, Michigan, George Wahr Publishing Co.

Moore, Henrietta (1994), Is there a Crisis in the Family?, Ginebra, UNRISD, Cumbre Mundial para el Desarrollo, Occasional Paper, núm. 3.

−−− (1996), "Mothering and Social Responsibilities in a Crosscultural Perspective", en Elizabeth Bortolaia Silva (ed.), Good Enough Mothering? Feminist Perspectives on Lone Motherhood, Londres, Routledge.

Moser, Caroline (1996), Confronting Crisis: A Comparative Study of Household Responses in Poverty and Vulnerability in Four Poor Urban Communities, Washington, D. C., Banco Mundial, Environmentally Sustainable Development Studies and Monographs Series, núm. 8.

−−− y Sylvia Chant (1985), The Role of Women in the Executive of Low-income Housing Projects: Training Module, Londres, Development Planning Unit/University College London, Gender and Planning Working Paper, núm. 6.

−−−y Cathy MacIlwaine (1995), "Poverty and Vulnerability in Commonwealth, Metro Manila, Philippines", Washington, D. C., Banco Mundial, División de Transporte, Agua y Desarrollo Urbano (mimeo.).

Netting, Robert McC., Richard R. Wilk y Eric J. Arnould (1984), "Introduction", en Robert McC Netting, Richard R. Wilk y Eric J. Arnould (eds.), Households: Comparative and Historical Studies of the Domestic Group, Berkeley, University of California Press.

Oberai, A. S. y H. K. Manmoham Singh (1983), Causes and Consequences of Internal Migration. A Study of the Indian Punjab, Nueva Delhi, Oxford University Press.

Phoenix, Ann (1996), "Social Constructions of Lone Motherhood: A Case of Competing Discourses", en Elizabeth Bortolaia Silva (ed.), Good Enough Mothering? Feminist Perspectives on Lone Motherhood, Londres, Routledge.

Radcliffe, Sarah (1991), "The Role of Gender in Peasant Migration: Conceptual Issues from the Peruvian Andes", Review of Radical Political Economy, vol. 23, núms. 34, pp. 148-173.

−−− (1996), "Gender Relations, Peasant Livelihood Strategies and Migration: A Case Study from Cuzco, Peru", Bulletin of Latin American Research, vol. 5, núm. 2, pp. 29-47.

Rahat, Naveed-I (1986), "Meharabad, A Punjab Village: Male Out-Migration and Women's Changing Roles", en Frits Selier y " Mehtab Karim (eds.), Migration in Pakistan: Themes and Facts, Lahore, Vanguard.

Rathgeber, Eva (1995), "Gender and Development in Action", en Marianne Marchand y Jane Parpart (eds.), Feminism/Postmodernism/Development, Londres, Routledge.

Roberts, Penelope (1991), "Anthropological Perspectives on the Household", IDS Bulletin, vol. 22, núm. 1, pp. 60-64.

Rosenheil, Sasha y Kirk Mann (1996), "Unpalatable Choices and Inadequate Families: Lone Mothers and the Underclass Debate", en Elizabeth Bortolaia Silva (ed.), Good Enough Mothering? Feminist Perspectives on Lone Motherhood, Londres, Routledge.

Salaff, Janet (1990), "Women, Family and the State: Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore −Newly Industrialized Counties in Asia", en Sharon Stichter y Jane Parpart (eds.), Women, Employment and the Family in the International Division of Labour, Basingstoke, Macmillan.

Satterthwaite, David (1995), "The Underestimation of Urban Poverty and of its Health Consequences", Third World Planning Review, vol. 17, núm. 4, pp. iii-xii.

Schmink, Marianne (1984), "Household Economic Strategies", Latin American Research Review, vol. 19, núm. 3, pp. 87-101.

Sen, Amartya K. (1981), Poverty and Famines, Oxford, Ckarendon Press.

−−− (1985), Commodities and Capabilities, Helsinki, United Nations University, World Institute of Development Economics Research.

−−− (1987a), Hunger and Entitlements, Amsterdam, North Holland.

−−− (1987b), Gender and Cooperative Conflicts, Helsinki, United Nations University, World Institute of Development Economics Research, Working Paper, núm. 18.

−−− (1990), "Gender and Cooperative Conflicts", en Irene Tinker (ed.), Persistent Inequalities: Women and World Development, Nueva York, Oxford University Press.

Stolcke, Verena (1992), "The Slavery Period and its Influence on Household Structure and the Family in Jamaica", en Elza Berquó y Peter Xanos (eds.), Family Systems and Cultural Change, Oxford, Clarendon Press.

Thadani, Veena y Michael Todaro (1984), "Female Migration: A Conceptual Framework", en James Fawcett, Siew-Ann Kh y Peter C. Smith (eds.), Women in the Cities of Asia: Migration and Urban Adaptation, Boulder, Westview.

Thorner, Alice y Jyoti Ranadive (1992), "Working Class Women in an Indian Metropolis: A Household Approach", en K. Saradamoni (ed.), Finding the Household. Methodological and Empirical Issues, Nueva Delhi, Sage.

Tinker, Irene (1990), "A Context for the Field and for the Book", en Irene Tinker (ed.), Persistent Inequalities: Women and World Development, Nueva York, Oxford University Press.

Townsend, Janet y Janet Momsen (1987), "Towards a Geography of Gender in the Third World", en Janet Momsen and Janet Townsend (eds.), Geography of Gender in the Third World, Londres, Hutchinson.

Trotz, Alissa (1996), "Gender, Ethnicity and Familial Ideology in Georgetown, Guyana: Household Structure and Female Labour Force Participation Reconsidered", European Journal of Development Research, vol. 8, núm. 1.

United Nations (UN) (1991), The World's Women 1970-1990: Rends and Statistics, Nueva York, UN.

United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS) (HABITAT) (1996), An Urbanising World: Global Report on Human Settlements 1996, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women (UNDAW) (1991), "Women and Households in a Changing World", en Eleanora Masini y Susan Stratigos (eds.), Women, Housebolds and Change, Tokio, United Nations University Press.

Vera-Sanso, Penny (1994), "What the Neighbours Say: Gender, Personhood and Power in Two Low-income Settlements of Madras", Londres, Departamento de Antropología, Goldsmiths College/Universidad de Londres, tesis de doctorado.

Wolf, Diane (1990), "Daughters, Decisions and Dominations: An Empirical and Conceptual Critique of Household Strategies", Development and Change, núm. 21, pp. 43-74.

Wratten, Ellen(1995), "Conceptualizing Urban Poverty", Environment and Urbanization, vol. 7, núm. 1, pp. 11-36.

Licencia Creative Commons
This works is under a Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license