Abstract
This article analyzes the distinctive nature of the recent expansion of capitalist class relations to reproduce the means of production and the required goods to reproduce society and its prevailing power system. The capitalist expansion unfolds according to the universal laws of accumulation, but its results are astonishingly different in each society. Competitive management to produce revenues and continuously accumulate capital creates dynamical forces that induce technological change and the reorganization of production and consumption. The theory of the internationalization of capital explains how capitalist competence and the struggle for larger profits produce deep transformations in the social and material production organization, which has been noticed in every society. Each society seems to imitate the patterns of their competitors or predecessors, but the natural, cultural and institutional factors inevitably leave their singular mark on the national development creating a pattern of diversity inside homogeneity.
References
Austin, James y Gustavo Esteva (eds.) (1987), The Mexican Food System, Ithaca, Nueva York, Cornell University Press.
Barkin, David (1982), "The Impact of Agribusiness on Rural Development", en S. Mc Nall (ed.), Current Perspectives in Social Theory, vol. 3, Greenwich, Conn., JAL Press.
−−−y Carlos Rozo (1081), "L'agriculture et l'internationalization du capital", Revue Tiers-Monde, núm. 88, octubre-diciembre, pp. 723-745.
−−−y Blanca Suárez (1985), El fin de la autosuficiencia alimentaria, México, Centro de Ecodesarrollo-Ed. Océano.
Barnett, Richard y Ronald Muller (1974), Global Reach: The Power of the Multinational Corporation, Nueva York, Simon and Schuster.
Bowles, Samuel, David Gordon y Thomas Weisskopf (1983), Beyond the Wasteland, Nueva York, Anchor.
Braverman, Harry (1975), Trabajo y capital monopolista, México, Nuestro Tiempo.
Ernst, Dieter (ed.) (1980), The New International Division of Labour, Technology and Underdevelopment, Consequences for the Third World, Frankfurt y Nueva York, Campus, Verlag.
−−− (1981), "Special issue on industrial redeployment and international transfer of technology: Trends and policy issues", Viertel Jahres Beginne, núm. 83, marzo.
Fajnzylber, Fernando (1983), La industrialización trunca en América Latina, México, Nueva Imagen.
Frank, Andre Gunder (1980), Crisis in the World Economy, Nueva York, Holmes and Meier.
Fröbel, Folker, Jurgen Henrichs y Otto Kreye (1979), La nueva división internacional del trabajo, México, Siglo XX.
George, Susan (1980), Cómo muere la otra mitad del mundo: las verdaderas razones del hambre, México, Siglo XXL
Grubel, Herbert y Peter Lloyd (eds.) (1975), Intra-Industry Trade, Londres, Macmillan.
Heckscher, Eli (1919), "The effects of foreign trade on the distribution of income", en H. S. Eris y L. A. Metzler, (eds.), Readings in the Theory of International Trade, Filadelfia, Blakiston, 1950.
Helleiner, Gerald K. (1979), "Transnational corporations and trade structure: The role of intra-firm trade", en H. Giersch (ed.), On the Economics of Intra-Industry Trade, Tubingen, JCB Mohr.
Hymer, Stephen (l98O), The Multinational Corporation, Cambridge y Nueva York, Cambridge University Press.
Lipietz, Alain (19822, "Marx or Rostow?", New Left Review, núm. 132, marzo.
Luxemburgo, Rosa (1967), La acumulación del capital, México, Grijalbo.
Marglin, Steve (1974), "What do bosses do? The origin and function of hierarchy in capitalist production", Review of Radical Political Economics, vol. 6, núm. 3, verano, pp. 60-112.
Minian, Issac (ed.) (1983 y 1984), Transnacionalización y periferia semindustrializada, I y II, México, CIDE.
Moore, Lappe y Francis Collins {1977), Comer es primero, México, Siglo XXI.
Ohlin, Bertel {1935), lnterregional Trade and International Trade, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Pallaoix, Christian {1975), Las firmas multinacionales y el proceso de internacionalización, Madrid, Siglo XXI.
−−− (1977), La internacionalización del capital, Barcelona, Blume.
−−− (1979), Proceso de producción y crisis del capitalismo, Barcelona, Blume.
Perelman, Michael (1977), Farming for Profilts in a Hungry World: Capital and the Crisis in Agriculture, Montclair, Nueva York, Osmun.
Portes, Alejandro y John Walton (1981), Labor, Class and the lnternational System, Nueva York, Academic Press.
Ramesh, J. y Charles Weiss (1979), Mobilizing Technology for World Development, Nueva York, Praeger and Overseas Development Corporation.
Redclift, Michael (1981), "Development policymaking in Mexico: The Sistema Alimentario Mexicano", Working Papers in us Mexican Studies, núm. 24, San Diego.
Rozo, Carlos y David Barkin {1983), "La producción de alimentos en el proceso de internacionalización del capital", El Trimestre Económico, vol. L (3), núm. 199, junio-septiembre, pp. 1603-1626.
−−− (1985), "La tecnología y la acumulación", Investigación Económica, núm. 173, pp. 191-213.
Sassen-Koob, Saskia (1982), "Recomposition and peripherialization at the core", Contemporary Marxism, núm. 5, verano, pp. 88-100.
Servan-Schreiber, Jacques-Jean (1968), El desafío americano, Santiago de Chile, Zig-Zag.
UNIDO (1981), "Restructuring world industry in a period of crisis, The role of innovation: An analysis of recent developments in the semiconductor industry", Documento, UNIDO/IS-285.
Verfion, Raymond (1970), The Technology Factor in International Trade, Nueva York, Columbia University Press para el National Bureau of Economic Research.
Wolf, Eric (1982), Europe and the People Without History, Los Angeles, University of California Press.
